[Domestic and international research progress of edible and medicinal Arecae Semen].

Arecae Semen, as the first place among "Four South Medicines" in China, has great dual-use value of medicine and food. The research of Arecae Semen was mainly focused on the active ingredients and efficacy value, and its potential safety hazards were also concerned. Until now, there is still a lack of clear boundaries between medicine and food, resulting in its safety cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish clear boundaries of medicine and food use and health risk assessment. In this paper, the differences of pretreatment and application methods of Arecae Semen were analyzed, and the research progress of Arecae Semen in chemical composition identification and toxicology research and safety evaluation were reviewed emphatically. Finally, the differences of quality control and safety evaluation of Arecae Semen in pharmacopoeias or standards were analyzed at home and abroad. It was expected to provide reference value for quality control, safety evaluation and international standardization research of Arecae Semen.

Is traumatic meniscal lesion associated with acute fracture morphology changes of tibia plateau? A series of arthroscopic analysis of 67 patients.

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) has become a routine preoperative examination for tibial plateau fractures (TPFs). Assessing the location of the fragment and intercondylar eminence fracture can provide clinicians with valuable information; however, the evaluation of traumatic meniscal lesion (TML) and arthroscopic management are controversial. AIM: To predict TML by three-dimensional skeletal anatomy changes in unilateral TPF and bilateral TPF on preoperative thin layer CT. METHODS: Acute fracture of tibial plateau patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery between December 2017 and December 2019 were included in this retrospective study. The type, zone, and location of TMLs were diagnosed based on the operation records and/or arthroscopic videos. Measurement of three-dimensional fracture morphology included the following: Frontal fragment width of plateau, sagittal fragment subsiding distance (FSD), sagittal fracture line distance, sagittal posterior tibial slope, and transversal area ratio of fragment area) on preoperative CT three-dimensional plane. The correlation of TML with skeletal values was calculated according to unicondylar TPFs and bicondylar TPFs. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were enrolled in this study, among which 30 patients had TMLs, lateral/medial (23/7). FSD was a particularly positive factor to predict TML, with odds ratio of 2.31 (1.26-5.63). On sagittal view of CT, FSD degree of 8 mm and posterior tibial slope exceeding 11.74° implied enhanced risk of TML in bicondylar TPFs. On coronal view, once fragment width of plateau surpassed 3 cm, incidence of TML reached 100%. On transverse view, area ratio of fragment as enhanced risk of 5.5% and FSD > 4.3 mm for predicting TML were observed in unicondylar TPFs. CONCLUSION: TML can be predicted by different parameters on preoperative CT views according to unicondylar fractures and bicondylar TPFs.

[Research developments for using of carbon nanotubes in pesticide residues detection and their application prospects in traditional Chinese medicines].

Pesticides are one of the main exogenous harmful residues in traditional Chinese medicines( TCMs),and the potential safety problems caused by pesticides affect the sustained and healthy development of TCMs. Carbon nanotubes( CNTs) possessed unique structure and properties,and widely used in analytical chemistry and other areas. In this review,the structure of CNTs and preparation method of composite material were summed up. Then,the application of CNTs in the pre-treatment technique of pesticides residues such as solid-phase extraction,solid phase micro-extraction,dispersive solid-phase extraction,matrix solid phase dispersion for detection of pesticides in different matrices were discussed in detail. In addition,the characteristics of pesticides in TCMs and maximum levels of pesticide residues in TCMs were investigated. Finally,the development and problems of CNTs in the determination of pesticide residues in TCMs were prospected.

[Determination of ochratoxin A in human urine by HPLC-FLD after cleaned-up by molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction column].

A method was developed for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in human urine by HPLC-FLD after molecularly imprinted polymer solid phase extraction (MIP-SPE) column. After the pH being adjusted to 2.5 with 0.1 mol x L(-1) HC1, sample was cleaned up with MIP-SPE column for ochratoxin A, the analyte was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD), and finally all the positive results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Recoveries from urine samples spiked with OTA at levels ranging from 2 to 20 ng x mL(-1) were 90.6%-101.9%, and RSDs were 0.1%-1.6%. Sixty-five volunteers living in Beijing took part in the study, of which 5 were found containing OTA in their urine and the highest value was 0.091 ng x mL(-1). The MIP-SPE column was firstly applied to purify and concentrate OTA in human urine, this method is simple, rapid and reliable and can be used to determine the contents of OTA in human urine.

[Determination of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in lonicerae flos of different habitats and germplasms].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an UPLC-PDA method for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in Lonicerae Flos. On the basis of developed method, the quality of Lonicerae Flos from nine habitats and two local germplasms introduced from Qufu in Shandong to Wuming in Guangxi was evaluated. METHODS: The analysis was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC H-Class system. An Acquity UPLC BEH RP18 (100 mm x 2.1 mm,1.7 µm) column was used for all analyses. The investigated compounds were separated with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.4% phosphoric acid solution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was set at 242 nm. RESULTS: The quality of Lonicerae Flos from Qufu was the best among Lonicerae Flos of nine habitats for its content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside at 35.715 and 1.270 mg/g, respectively. The content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside in Lonicerae Flos of "Jiufengyihao" and "Shuxing" introduced from Qufu to Wuming both complied with the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). CONCLUSION: The developed UPLC-PDA method is simple, reliable and repeatable, which is helpful for the quality control of Lonicerae Flos. "Jiufengyihao" and "Shuxing" are potential germplasms for the introduction of Lonicerae Flos in Wuming.

[Lesion localization and surgical resection for non-palpable breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods of lesion localization and surgical treatment for non-palpable breast cancer, presented with only small calcification lesion on the images. METHODS: From November 2003 to August 2007, 61 patients with non-palpable lesion were finally pathologically diagnosed as early breast cancer (T1-2N0M0), based on the small calcification lesions shown by full field digital mammography (FFDM) through molybdenum target, and the rich blood supply shown by type-B ultrasonic examination. Accurate lesion-localization prior to surgical resection was conducted, and sample re-examination by FFDM was done after resection. Patients with single lesion underwent breast-conserving surgery, precise excision with the aid of image-guided wire localization, and stage I breast reconstruction was performed simultaneously using wide-based gland-tissue flap. Patients with multiple lesions received modified radical mastectomy. RESULTS: Among the 50 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery, the accuracy of localization for lesions was 100% (50/50), and all lesions were excised completely with a negative margin proven by FFDM re-examination and pathological examination. The superior rate of mammaplasty was 86.0% (43/50) according to JCRT criteria, with a compliance difference of 1.5 cm. Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 11 patients. The follow-up period in this series was from 6 to 58 months with a mean follow-up time of 39 months. Distant metastases were detected in only one patient and local recurrence was not observed yet. CONCLUSION: Lesion localization by FFDM in patients with non-palpable breast cancer is accurate and practical. In patients with single lesion, breast-conserving resection followed by synchronous stage I breast reconstruction with wide-based gland-tissue flap is appropriate.

[Study on quality changes of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata under different storage conditions].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes of the content of water, soluble protein, total alkaloids, polysaccharides of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata under different storage treatments. METHODS: The experiment was conducted in 4 kinds of storage methods, such as sack storage, sand storage, cold storage, and the natural heap as the control. RESULTS: During storage, the content of water, total alkaloids and polysaccharides tended to decline, while the content of soluble protein increased. CONCLUSION: Compared with the others, the cold storage is most suitable for keeping good quality of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata.

[Determination of human RHD gene rhesus box and its significance].

The aim was to determine RHD zygosity, further to investigate genetic structure of RHD gene, and to predict hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN). The upstream box, downstream box, and hybrid box of RHD gene were determined by PCR-SSP with 4 primers under the same conditions. The results showed that only hybrid box could be determined in RHD(-)/RHD(-) homozygosity. All the upstream box, downstream box, and hybrid box could be determined in RHD(+)/RHD(-) heterozygosity, while upstream box and downstream box except hybrid box could be determined in RHD(+)/RHD(+) homozygosity. Out of 50 cases of RhD(+), 5 cases (10%) were RHD(+)/RHD(-) heterozygosity, and the others (90%) were RHD(+)/RHD(+) homozygosity. 54 cases (55.1%), 36 cases (36.7%) and 8 cases (8.2%) were RHD(-)/RHD(-) homozygosity, RHD(+)/RHD(-) heterozygosity, and RHD(+)/RHD(+) homozygosity respectively in 98 unrelated cases of RhD(-) Chinese Hans. 2 cases of weak D were proved to be RHD(+)/RHD(-) heterozygosity. Out of 16 D(el) types, the upstream box, downstream box, and hybrid box could be determined in 10 cases (37.5%) and the upstream box and downstream box except hybrid box could be determined in 6 cases. Results detecting of RHD 10 exons in above samples proved the correctness of the method. It is concluded that the method is suitable for clinical application with its simplicity and veracity. There are many noneffective RHD genes (44.9%) in Chinese Hans with RhD(-) phenotype.